Welcome Bak!!!!

Debate has started once again. This blog will be a way for you all to keep in touch with me, as well as any new research/ ideas/ arguments/ I may come up with. This year we will have Lincoln/ Douglas debate, which is one vs. one, as well as policy debate. The topics this year have to do with recycling and reducing Utah's plastic waste.

Just a reminder:

1. First Affirmative Constructive (1AC)

a. Cross-examination of First Affirmative by Second Negative

2. First Negative Constructive (1NC)

a. Cross-examination of First Negative by First Affirmative

3. Second Affirmative Constructive (2AC)

a. Cross-examination of Second Affirmative by First Negative

4. Second Negative Constructive (2NC)

a. Cross-examination of Second Negative by Second Affirmative

5. First Negative Rebuttal (1NR).

6. First Affirmative Rebuttal (1AR)

7. Second Negative Rebuttal (2NR)

8. Second Affirmative Rebuttal (2AR)

Policy Debate Format

First affirmative constructive (3 – 5 minutes) can be completely written and learned in advance!

Introduction

·       Opening - state your name and partner’s name and that you are speaking for the affirmative; express pleasure for opportunity to debate the topic; state the resolution

·       Define key terms

·       Present your thesis statement to show where you are going, e.g., This is a serious problem and the present system will not solve the problem; our plan will solve the problem

Body

·       Describe the issue, using a combination of logos, ethos, and pathos

·       Support the affirmative case with 4 –6 contentions, have at least 3 supporting pieces of evidence and reasoning (save at least 1 for rebuttal)

o   Establish the need for change – why this is a serious problem (qualitative/quantitative)

o   Establish the harm of the present system – people or other living beings are hurt physically, emotionally, financially, socially

o   Establish how the present system contributes to the problem (inherency)

·       Briefly introduce your plan and how it solves the problem

Conclusion

·       Summarize your position.  Say “Thank you.”

                                     

First negative constructive (3 – 5 minutes)

Introduction

·       Greet - state your name and partner’s name and that you are speaking for the negative; express pleasure for the opportunity to debate the topic of ____

·       Either accept the affirmative’s definitions or correct definitions presented by affirmative

·       Describe the issue from the point of view of the negative

·       Introduce your case with your thesis statement: “We intend to prove that there is no need to  . . .

Body

·       State negative philosophy by presenting 4 – 6  contentions; have at least 3 pieces of evidence and reasoning to support them (save at least 1 to reestablish during rebuttal)

o   Refute the need for change; explain why the status quo is preferable (defend present system)

o   Deny that the present system contributes to the problem (inherency)

o   Why there is no reason for change; diminish significance (quantitative/qualitative)

o   Why change could be worse than the present system

·       Attack the need for a plan, possibly why it will cause more harm than good

·       (Optional advanced strategy! You can accept that the status quo could be changed in a MINOR way; then introduce a counter plan that is significantly different from the affirmative’s plan.)

·       Clash: Refute affirmative’s points with evidence and reasoning

Conclusion

·       Summarize the negative case so far.  Say “Thank you.”

                                     

Second affirmative constructive (3 – 5 minutes)

Introduction

·       Present overview of the debate so far, contrasting affirmative and negative positions

·       Defend definitions of terms and topicality, if necessary

·       Present a thesis statement to show where you are going, e.g., _______ is a problem that must be solved and our plan will do it.

Body

·       Attack the negative philosophy defending the present system, especially harm and significance

·       Clash.  Directly address each of the specific challenges issued by the negative

·       Reestablish why change is necessary

·       Explain your plan with details; describe the benefits of the plan, how the plan will solve the problem 

Conclusion

·       End with an appeal to adopt the resolution.  Say “Thank you.”

Second negative constructive (3 – 5 minutes)

Introduction

·       Review / reinforce negative philosophy

·       Present thesis, e.g., We will prove that there isn’t a problem, that the plan is bad, that the plan is unnecessary

Body

·       Present contentions, attacking the plan as undesirable, unable to solve needs, or unnecessary

o   Practicality, workability – specific elements of the plan

o   Solvency – demonstrate that the plan is not capable of solving the problem

o   Disadvantages – explain that more harm will result from the plan than the status quo

o   Injustices – explain that the plan affects some individuals or groups more than others

o   Deny the supposed benefits of the plan

·       If the affirmative neglected to present a plan, make a HUGE deal of its omission

·       Clash.  Counter all affirmative challenges directly and specifically

·       Refute the affirmative case as a whole

Conclusion

·       Summarize problems of the plan; say: That is why we cannot adopt the resolution.  Thank you.

First negative rebuttal speech (2 – 3 minutes) – summarize and reiterate

·       Clash:  Refute the arguments introduced by the second affirmative, point by point

·       Again attack affirmative’s justification for change

·       Summarize the entire negative block

·       End with instructions: We must not allow . . .

           

First affirmative rebuttal speech (2 – 3 minutes) –be the savior- regain control after 8 negative minutes!

·       Refute negative’s plan objections; point out fallacies in reasoning

·       Rebuild your case at major points of attack; offer new evidence to support your contentions

·       Clash.  Respond to all the arguments from the second negative constructive arguments and first negative rebuttal; defend and resupport the arguments you can

Second negative rebuttal speech (2 – 3 minutes) - last chance for the negative side to speak      

·       Rebuild your case at major points of attack; offer new evidence to support your contentions

·       Explain why your side should win:  Review plan objections and disadvantages, refuting affirmative’s responses; point out any issues dropped by the affirmative

·       Summarize the negative position in a dramatic way; call for rejection of the proposal

·       Thank the audience and judge(s)

Second affirmative rebuttal speech (2 – 3 minutes) - last speech!

·       Point out any arguments dropped by the negative; these are considered your points now

·       Respond to objections negative made to your plan and point out those that were dropped by the second negative rebuttalist; dropped arguments are conceded arguments!

·       Remind the judges of your arguments and why they are more important than the negative’s

·       Be dramatic in your big picture.  Make your audience care!  End with a strong appeal to adopt the resolution, to accept the proposal.

·       Thank the audience and the judge(s)